Plumbing system



W. J. LUFF PLUMBING SYSTEM Jari. 29, 1929.-

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. .5, 1928 I N VEN TOR.

fai/m67 I a ff BY @d 01. g4 7 59415( ATTORNEHS.

Jan. 29, 1929. 1,700,230

w. J. LUFF PLUMBING SYSTEM Filed Jan. 5, 1928 s sheets-sheet A TTORNEY6 Jan. 29, 1929.

w. J. LUFF PLUMBING SYSTEM Filed Jan. 5, 1928 I5 Shets-Shet 3 INVENTOR. dla/d zzff ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 29, 1929.

UNITEDv STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLARD J. LUFF, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

PLUMBING SYSTEM.

Application filed January 5, 1928. Serial No. 244,655.

The present invention relates, as indicated, to plumbing systems, andy more particularly to an improved waste and vent stack installation. Plumbing installations are regulated, in most localities, by governmental action, and all installations must be made in accordance with the legislative regulations. One of such regulations is to the e'ect that no xture trap shall be placed more than a stated distance from its vent. Obviously, it is desirable to locate the vent and waste stack centrally of any group of fixtures 'for reasons of economy in material and labor of installation. An arrangement meeting' both these requirements is indicated in the drawing forming a part of the present specification.

As willbe obvious, such an arrangement, however, gives rise to a problem of connecting those fixtures which are separated from the vent stack by the waste stack to such ventstack. The waste stack is, as indicated, of relatively large diameter and a connection around the waste stack to the vent stack would necessarily be run outside the wall in which the installation is made. Such an ar rangement would be unsightly and would not be tolerated in fine buildings.

It is the primary object, then, of the pres ent invention to provide means whereby the fixtures so separated from the vent stack may be connected thereto without running any pipes around the waste stack. To the accomplishnient of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of' the means hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out inthe claims. 1

The annexed drawing and the following description set forth in detail certain 1nechanism embodying the invention, such disclosed means constituting, however, but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a plumbing system including my improvements, said figure disclosing the arrangement of fixtures and fittings on the lowest and highest floors of a building; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View taken substantially on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1); Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through the cross-over fitting; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section through a modified cross-over fitting. i

. The reference numeral 1 indicates the lowest floor in the building, while 2 indicates the highest floor and 3 indicates a wall dividing the bath-room from the kitchen. The bathroom includes the usual fixtures, a Water closet 4, a lavatory 5 and a tub 6, while the kitchen is provided with the sink 7.

Mounted in the wall WV is a waste or soil stack 8 open at its top which extends beyond the roof of the building for venting purposes. A Y fitting 9 is connected in the waste stack at a point above the discharge level of any fixture in thebuilding, one end of the straight arm of said fitting being received in a hub 10 of the waste stack while the opposite end ofthe fitting is provided with a hub 11 to provide a connection 'for the upper portion of the vent stack. The arm 12 branches from the arm of the fitting which is connected directly in the waste stack at an angle of approximately 45o. A second Y fitting 13 is connected in the waste stack below the discharge level of every fixture in the ,building by means of a hub 14 on said fitting and a hub 15 on the lower portion of the waste stack. The arm 16 of said fitting leaves the straight arm thereof' at an angle of approximately 45 and is provided at its upper end with a hub 17 for the reception of the lowermost end of a vent stack 18, the uppermost end of which is provided with a hub 19 receiving the open end of the branch 12 of the fitting 9.

On each floor except the uppermost floor, there is provided an H fitting 20 which is connected in the waste stack 8 and in the vent stack 18 above the discharge level of any fixture on that particular floor. Such fitting comprises a leg 21, a portion 22 of the passage through said leg 21 being of greater cross sectional area than the passage through the other portions of the waste stack 8, a second leg 23 connected in the vent stack 18, and a connection 24 providing a passage connecting the passages through said legs 21 and 23.

kThe connection 24 forms one side of a 45 angle, the otherside of which is formed by the upper portion of the leg 21.

rlhe tub 6 is provided with an outlet 25 which is connected through a trap26 to the branch pipe 27 which enters the waste stack 8 through a connecting branch 28 provided therein. The lavatory 5 is provided with an outlet 29 connected through a trap (not shown) anda branch 30 to the pipe 27.` The water closet 4 provided with the usual builtin trap, is connected through the branch 31 p to the=waste stack 8. The sink 7 has an outlet 32 connected through a trap (not shown) and a pipe 33 to the branch pipe 34 which, in turn, enters the waste stack 8 through a connection 35 provided therein. The pipe 34 is necessarily provided with a bend 34 to avoid the vent stack 18.

At a point adjacent the trap 26, a vent pipe 36 communicates with the pipe 27 through a fitting 37 and such pipe 36 is connected at its upper end-with a vent branch 38 which enters the leg 21 of the fitting 20 through a connection 39 provided therefor. A second vent pipe 40 is connected with the pipe leading from the outlet 29 of the lavatory to the pipe 30 and at its upper end enters a T fitting 40 in the vent pipe 38. A similar pipe 41 connects the trap for the sink 7 with a vent branch 42 entering the leg 23 of the fitting 20 through connection 43 provided therefor. A pipe 44 connects the pipe 31 with the leg 2l of the fitting 20 through a connection 45 provided on said leg, and serves as a vent for the water closet.

The fitting 9 is provided with connections 39 and 43 for the reception of vent pipes 38 and 42, respectively.

It will be seen that the vent branches from the fixtures which are separated from the vent stack by the waste stack are connected to said vent stack through said Waste stack. As has been stated, the passage 22 through the leg 21 of the fitting 20fis of relatively large cross section. As water ruShesthrOugh said leg, the stream tends to retain the shape and cross sectional area impressed upon it by the upper sections of the wasteistack, and therefore it leaves an annular space between the stream and the walls of the passage 22. Air may flow through this space from one side to the other of the Wastestack, and thus it will be seen that the fittings to the right in .F ig. 1 are e'ffectually vented through the waste stack.

It is to be noted that the connection 24 meets .the Waste stack at an angle of approximately '45O in orderto provide for amore effectual and efficient air flow than could be attained if this connection met the waste pipe at an angle of V90". This fact appears to be perfectly obvions andapparently needs no elaboration.

One form of fitting 20which may be used in the present `system is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, and I prefer this form of fitting. As illust-rated, the leg`21 of the fitting 20 provided With a passage therethrough which passage is of relatively large diameter in the up.-

`per portion of the leg as indicated at `46. Immediately above the point .at which the connection 39 and the connection 24 enter the leg 2l, there is provided an internal annular shoulder 47 which reduces the cross sectional area of said passage. Immediately below the point ,at which the connection 45 land the connection 24 enter the leg 21, there is provided a second shoulder 48 which still further reduces the cross sectional area of the-i passage, and this reduced area is retained as at 49 throughout the remainder of the length of the leg 21. Intermediate the shoulders 47 and 48, the passage is materially enlarged as indicated at 22. The leg 23 is provided at its from splashing through the connections 39 and 45 and the passage 53. It is to be understood that a fitting of the type indicated would function even in the absence of such means, but that it isipreferable to provide positive means for preventing such splashing. Preferably, therefore, I provide a sleeve or tube 54 having an external annular flange 55 at its upper end adapt-ed to seat on the shoulder 47. The lower end 56 of the sleeve 54 seats on the shoulder 48 to hold such sleeve in the desired position. While it might be possible to cast the fitting with an integral tube similar to the tube 54, such casting would make the fitting almost prohibitively expensive and would subject thefittingto defects such as accidental webs between the tubular member similar to the member 54-and the wall of the enlarged portion '22 of the leg 21. From a practicalstandpoint, therefore, l prefor to make the sleeve 54 as `a separate piece adapted to be inserted in the leg 21.

ylll/fiile the above described type of fitting 2O is preferal-)le for certain installations, I have shown in Fig. 5, a modification of such fitting. According to this modification, the fitting 20 is constructed similarly to the fitting 20, but thesleeve 54 is omitted, and one end of a pipe 57 forminga portion ofthe waste stack 8 extends -into said fitting to perform the function of said sleeve. The lower end 58 of the said pipe is adapted to rest upon the shoulder 48 as does the end56 of the sleeve 54 in the previously described modification,

and the annular space between said p ipe 57 a and the internal surface of the hub-46 of the leg 21 is adapted to receive packing lmaterial to effect a tight joint. In all otherirespects7 the modification disclosed inFig. 5 is identical with that disclosed in Fig.y 3.

Other 'modes of applying theprinciple of my invention may b-e employed instead of the one explained, change being maderas regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the "following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

l therefore particularly` point out and distinctly claim as my invention z- 1. In a plumbing system, a waste or soil lil stack, `a vent stack, and xtures having connections with said waste stack, certain of saidl connections being connected with said vent stack through means in said waste stackproviding continuous open communication between said vent ,stack and said connections with said waste stack.

j 2. In a. plumbing system, a. waste or soil stack, a vent stack, fixtures having connections with said waste stack, and a fitting connected in said waste and vent stacks and pr'oviding for continuous open communication between said vent .stack and said connections to certain of said fixtures.

Y 3. In a plumbing system, a waste or soil stack open at its top to forin a vent, fixtures connected to said waste stack, a fitting connected in said waste stack above the level vof any of said fixtures and including a branch, a fitting connected in said waste stack below 'the level of any of said fixtures and ,including a branch, a vent stach joining said ranches, the vent from the waste connection of each of said'fixtures being connected to said vent stack, and certain of said vents being connected thereto through said waste stack.

4l. In a plumbing system, a. waste or soil stack open at its top to form a vent, fixtures connected to said waste stack, a fitting connected in said waste stack above the level of any of' said fixtures and including a branch,

` a fitting connected in said waste stack below the level of any of said fixtures and including a branch, a vent stack oining said branches, each of said fixtures being connected to said vent stack, a third fitting connected in said waste stack and said vent .stack between said first two fittings and forming a passage through said waste stack to said vent stack for providing communication between certain of said fixtures and said vent stack.

In a plumbing system, a waste or soil stack and avent stack, xtures adapted to be connected to said stacks, means connecting said fixtures to said waste stack, and means providing continuously open communication )etween certain of said fixtures and said vent stack through said waste stack.

G. In a plumbing system, a waste or soil stack and a. vent stack, fixtures adapted to be connected to said stacks, means connecting said fixtures to said waste stack, and means connecting certain of said fixtures to said vent stack through said waste stack, comprising an H fitting having one leg connected in said waste stack and the other connected in said vent stack, and having a passage formed in the transverse connection between said legs, said first-mentioned leg being enlarged in cross section adjacent the point of communication therewith of said transverse connection passage. v

7 In a plumbing system, a waste or soil stack and a vent stack, fixtures adapted to be connected to said stacks, means connecting said fixtures to said waste stack, and means connecting certain of said fixtures to said vent stack through said Waste stack, comprising an H fitting having one leg connected in said waste stack and the other connected in said vent stack, and having a passage formed `in the transverse connection between said legs, said transverse connection meeting said.

lprising an H fitting having one leg connected yin said waste stach and the other connected in said vent stack, and having a passage formed in the transverse connection between said legs, said first-mentioned leg being enlarged in cross section adjacent the point of communication therewith of said transverse connection passage, and provided with means supporting a sleeve within said enlarged portion, said sleeve having a diameter .substantially equal to that of the smaller portion of said leg. Y

9 In a plumbing system, a waste or soil stack and a vent stack, fixtures adapted to be connected to said stacks, means connecting said fixtures to said waste stack, and means connecting certain of said fixtures to said vent` stack through said waste stack, coinprising an H fitting having one leg connected in said waste stack and the other connected in said vent stack, and having a passage formed in the transverse connection between said legs, .said first-mentioned leg being enlarged in cross section adjacent the point of communication therewith of said transverse connection passage, and provided with means supporting a sleeve within said enlarged portion, said sleeve having a diameter substantially equal to that of the smaller portion of said leg, and cooperating with the wall of the enlarged portion of said leg to form an annular space having communication with the passage through said transverse connection and with an aperture in the side wall of said first-mentioned leg.

1Q. A pipe fitting comprising a pair of legs having passages therethrough, one of said leg passages being enlarged in cross-section intermediate its ends, a connection joining said legs and having a passage therethrough in communication with said leg passages, said connection passage communicating with said enlarged portion of said one leg passage, and a port in one of said legs adjacent the point of communication therewith of said connection passage.

11. Ae pipe fitting comprising a pair of legs having passages therethrough, one of said leg passages being enlarged in cross-section intermediate itsends, a connection joining said legs and f having a'passage therethrough in communication with` said leg passages, `said connection passage communicating With i said enlarged portion of said one leg passage,and a port in each ot said legs adjacent the` point of communication.therewith of said connection passage.

12. A pipe fitting comprising a pair of legs having passages therethrough, `one of sald leg passages being enlarged mcrosssectien inter- -1nediateits ends, a tube in-saidenlarged, portion i providing a passage therethrough :and an. iannular space therearound, -a connection joining said legsiand having a'passage therethrough in communication with said leg passages, Vsaid connection f passage communicat- :ing with said annular space,-and a portvin each of said legs opposite the point of communication `therewith :oi said connection passage.

13. In a pipe fitting, anclongated pipe provided with opposed ports in its side Walls, :an annular, internalshoulder formed on one side A of said ports, a second shoulder formed on the other side of said ports, the :diameter ofsaid pipe being `a `maximum between said shoulders, and a sleeve mounted in said pipe and restingon said shoulders and providing a continuation of the elongated passage through saidfpipe and an annular spacel separated from said passage: and communicating with said ports.

14. A pipe fitting comprising apair of parallel `legs joined by `a tubular connection,

said connection meeting said legs at an angle other than a right angle, each of` said legs being provided with a port opposed to the point of communication of'said connection with the respective leg, and one of said legs being provided ywith an annular, internal shoulder formed on oneside of said` port and l ot said peint,l second shoulder termed. on y the other side of said; port and of saidf point, :the di a-meter ot" the, passage.through` said leg being la 'maximum i between said shoulders,

anda sleeve mounted :in4 said leg passage and resting on said shouldersand g providing 'a continuation otsaid leg passageiand anannu- 4lar space separated from said leg passageiand communicating with said port and Withsaid connection passage.

15. Ina pipe fitting, an elongated pipe provided with fopposedports in itsside-.Walls, an annular, internal shoulder formed on one side of said ports, and a second annular, internal shoulder `formed on` the= otherV side of said ports, the diameter of said pipe being a maximum between said shoulders.

16. The combination with an i elongated pipe provided,Withopposed portsiinf'its side fwalls, an -annulaiginternal shoulder formed tubular .legsijoinedzby atubular connection,

each ot said `legs being: provided` with a port opposedto the point of communication Ot said connection with theirespectivelleg, and oneoii said legs being provided with anannular, internal shoulder formed `on Oneside of aid port and ot said point, the diameterof the passage through saidileg bei=ng--asanaxi mum adjacent said ports, of iafsecond pipe adapted to `extendlinto said fsecondileg. and

through said region of maximum diameter, the inner end ot said v -second lpiperbeing `adapted to rest on saidinternal'shoulder.

'Sign ed by me this 3rd 'day ofJanuary, 1928.

"WmLARD J. .Lure 

